memoirs of general william t. sherman-1-第6部分

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On　the　16th　of　December　I　continued　on　to　Mobile　in　the　steamer　Fashion　by　way　of　Lake　Pontchartrain；　saw　there　most　of　my　personal　friends；　Mr。　and　Mrs。　Bull；　Judge　Bragg　and　his　brother　Dunbar；　Deshon；　Taylor；　and　Myers；　etc。；　and　on　the　19th　of　December　took　passage　in　the　steamboat　Bourbon　for　Montgomery；　Alabama；　by　way　of　the　Alabama　River。　　We　reached　Montgomery　at　noon；　December　23d；　and　took　cars　at　1　p。　m。for　Franklin；　forty　miles；　which　we　reached　at　7　p。　　m。；　thence　stages　for　Griffin；　Georgia；　via　La　Grange　and　Greenville。　　This　took　the　whole　night　of　the　23d　and　the　day　of　the　24th。　　At　Griffin　we　took　cars　for　Macon；　and　thence　to　Savannah；　which　we　reached　Christmas…night；　finding　Lieutenants　Ridgley　and　Ketchum　at　tea；　where　we　were　soon　joined　by　Rankin　and　Beckwith。

On　the　26th　I　took　the　boat　for　Charleston；　reaching　my　post；　and　reported　for　duty　Wednesday　morning；　December　27；　1843。

I　had　hardly　got　back　to　my　post　when；　on　the　21st　of　January；　1844；　I　received　from　Lieutenant　R。　P。　Hammond；　at　Marietta；　Georgia；　an　intimation　that　Colonel　Churchill；　Inspector…General　of　the　Army；　had　applied　for　me　to　assist　him　in　taking　depositions　in　upper　Georgia　and　Alabama；　concerning　certain　losses　by　volunteers　in　Florida　of　horses　and　equipments　by　reason　of　the　failure　of　the　United　States　to　provide　sufficient　forage；　and　for　which　Congress　had　made　an　appropriation。　　On　the　4th　of　February　the　order　came　from　the　Adjutant…General　in　Washington　for　me　to　proceed　to　Marietta；　Georgia；　and　report　to　Inspector…General　Churchill。　　I　was　delayed　till　the　14th　of　February　by　reason　of　being　on　a　court…martial；　when　I　was　duly　relieved　and　started　by　rail　to　Augusta；　Georgia；　and　as　far　as　Madison；　where　I　took　the　mail…coach；　reaching　Marietta　on　the　17th。　　There　I　reported　for　duty　to　Colonel　Churchill；　who　was　already　engaged　on　his　work；　assisted　by　Lieutenant　R。　P。　Hammond；　Third　Artillery；　and　a　citizen　named　Stockton。　　The　colonel　had　his　family　with　him；　consisting　of　Mrs。　Churchill；　Mary；　now　Mrs。　Professor　Baird；　and　Charles　Churchill；　then　a　boy　of　about　fifteen　years　of　age。

We　all　lived　in　a　tavern；　and　had　an　office　convenient。　　The　duty　consisted　in　taking　individual　depositions　of　the　officers　and　men　who　had　composed　two　regiments　and　a　battalion　of　mounted　volunteers　that　had　served　in　Florida。　　An　oath　was　administered　to　each　man　by　Colonel　Churchill；　who　then　turned　the　claimant　over　to　one　of　us　to　take　down　and　record　his　deposition　according　to　certain　forms；　which　enabled　them　to　be　consolidated　and　tabulated。　We　remained　in　Marietta　about　six　weeks；　during　which　time　I　repeatedly　rode　to　Kenesaw　Mountain；　and　over　the　very　ground　where　afterward；　in　1864；　we　had　some　hard　battles。

After　closing　our　business　at　Marietta　the　colonel　ordered　us　to　transfer　our　operations　to　Bellefonte；　Alabama。　　As　he　proposed　to　take　his　family　and　party　by　the　stage；　Hammond　lent　me　his　riding…horse；　which　I　rode　to　Allatoona　and　the　Etowah　River。　Hearing　of　certain　large　Indian　mounds　near　the　way；　I　turned　to　one　side　to　visit　them；　stopping　a　couple　of　days　with　Colonel　Lewis　Tumlin；　on　whose　plantation　these　mounds　were。　　We　struck　up　such　an　acquaintance　that　we　corresponded　for　some　years；　and　as　I　passed　his　plantation　during　the　war；　in　1864；　I　inquired　for　him；　but　he　was　not　at　home。　　From　Tumlin's　I　rode　to　Rome；　and　by　way　of　Wills　Valley　over　Sand　Mountain　and　the　Raccoon　Range　to　the　Tennessee　River　at　Bellefonte；　Alabama。　　We　all　assembled　there　in　March；　and　continued　our　work　for　nearly　two　months；　when；　having　completed　the　business；　Colonel　Churchill；　with　his　family；　went　North　by　way　of　Nashville；　Hammond；　Stockton；　and　I　returning　South　on　horseback；　by　Rome；　Allatoona；　Marietta；　Atlanta；　and　Madison；　Georgia。　　Stockton　stopped　at　Marietta；　where　he　resided。　　Hammond　took　the　cars　at　Madison；　and　I　rode　alone　to　Augusta；　Georgia；　where　I　left　the　horse　and　returned　to　Charleston　and　Fort　Moultrie　by　rail。

Thus　by　a　mere　accident　I　was　enabled　to　traverse　on　horseback　the　very　ground　where　in　after…years　I　had　to　conduct　vast　armies　and　fight　great　battles。　　That　the　knowledge　thus　acquired　was　of　infinite　use　to　me；　and　consequently　to　the　Government；　I　have　always　felt　and　stated。

During　the　autumn　of　1844；　a　difficulty　arose　among　the　officers　of　Company　B；　Third　Artillery　（John　R。　Yinton's）；　garrisoning　Augusta　Arsenal；　and　I　was　sent　up　from　Fort　Moultrie　as　a　sort　of　peace…maker。　　After　staying　there　some　months；　certain　transfers　of　officers　were　made；　which　reconciled　the　difficulty；　and　I　returned　to　my　post；　Fort　Moultrie。　　During　that　winter；　1844…'45；　I　was　visiting　at　the　plantation　of　Mr。　Poyas；　on　the　east　branch　of　the　Cooper；　about　fifty　miles　from　Fort　Moultrie；　hunting　deer　with　his　son　James；　and　Lieutenant　John　F。　Reynolds；　Third　Artillery。　　We　had　taken　our　stands；　and　a　deer　came　out　of　the　swamp　near　that　of　Mr。　James　Poyas；　who　fired；　broke　the　leg　of　the　deer；　which　turned　back　into　the　swamp　and　came　out　again　above　mine。　　I　could　follow　his　course　by　the　cry　of　the　hounds；　which　were　in　close　pursuit。　Hastily　mounting　my　horse；　I　struck　across　the　pine…woods　to　head　the　deer　off；　and　when　at　full　career　my　horse　leaped　a　fallen　log　and　his　fore…foot　caught　one　of　those　hard；　unyielding　pineknots　that　brought　him　with　violence　to　the　ground。　　I　got　up　as　quick　as　possible；　and　found　my　right　arm　out　of　place　at　the　shoulder；　caused　by　the　weight　of　the　double…barrelled　gun。

Seeing　Reynolds　at　some　distance；　I　called　out　lustily　and　brought　him　to　me。　　He　soon　mended　the　bridle　and　saddle；　which　had　been　broken　by　the　fall；　helped　me　on　my　horse；　and　we　followed　the　coarse　of　the　hounds。　　At　first　my　arm　did　not　pain　me　much；　but　it　soon　began　to　ache　so　that　it　was　almost　unendurable。　　In　about　three　miles　we　came　to　a　negro　hut；　where　I　got　off　and　rested　till　Reynolds　could　overtake　Poyas　and　bring　him　back。　　They　came　at　last；　but　by　that　time　the　arm　was　so　swollen　and　painful　that　I　could　not　ride。　　They　rigged　up　an　old　gig　belonging　to　the　negro；　in　which　I　was　carried　six　miles　to　the　plantation　of　Mr。　Poyas；　Sr。　　A　neighboring　physician　was　sent　for；　who　tried　the　usual　methods　of　setting　the　arm；　but　without　success；　each　time　making　the　operation　more　painful。　　At　last　he　sent　off；　got　a　set　of　double　pulleys　and　cords；　with　which　he　succeeded　in　extending　the　muscles　and　in　getting　the　bone　into　place。　　I　then　returned　to　Fort　Moultrie；　but　being　disabled；　applied　for　a　short　leave　and　went　North。

I　started　January　25；1845；　went　to　Washington；　Baltimore；　and　Lancaster；　Ohio；　whence　I　went　to　Mansfield；　and　thence　back　by　Newark　to　Wheeling；　Cumberland；　Baltimore；　Philadelphia；　and　New　York；　whence　I　sailed　back　for　Charleston　on　the　ship　Sullivan；　reaching　Fort　Moultrie　March　9；　1845。

About　that　time　（March　1；　1845）　Congress　had；　by　a　joint　resolution；　provided　for　the　annexation　of　Texas；　then　an　independent　Republic；　subject　to　certain　conditions　requiring　the　acceptance　of　the　Republic　of　Texas　to　be　final　and　conclusive。　　We　all　expected　war　as　a　matter　of　course。　　At　that　time　General　Zachary　Taylor　had　assembled　a　couple　of　regiments　of　infantry　and　one　of　dragoons　at　Fort　Jessup；　Louisiana；　and　had　orders　to　extend　military　protection　to　Texas　against　the　Indians；　or　a　〃foreign　enemy；〃　the　moment　the　terms　of　annexation　were　accepted。　　He　received　notice　of　such　acceptance　July　7th；　and　forthwith　proceeded　to　remove　his　troops　to　Corpus　Christi；　Texas；　where；　during　the　summer　and　fall　of　1845；　was　assembled　that　force　with　which；　in　the　spring　of　1846；　was　begun　the　Mexican　War。

Some　time　during　that　summer　came　to　Fort　Moultrie　orders　for　sending　Company　E；　Third　Artillery；　Lieutenant　Bragg；　to　New　Orleans；　there　to　receive　a　battery　of　field…guns；　and　thence　to　the　camp　of　General　Taylor　at　Corpus　Christi。　　This　was　the　first　company　of　our　regiment　sent　to　the　seat　of　war；　and　it　embarked　on　the　brig　Hayne。　　This　was　the　only　company　that　left　Fort　Moultrie　till　after　I　was　detached　for　recruiting　service　on　the　1st　of　May；　1846。

Inasmuch　as　Charleston　afterward　became　famous；　as　the　spot　where　began　our　civil　war；　a　general　description　of　it；　as　it　was　in　1846；　will　not　be　out　of　place。

The　city　lies　on　a　long　peninsula　between　the　Ashley　and　Cooper　Riversa　low；　level　peninsula；　of　sand。　　Meeting　Street　is　its　Broadway；　with　King　Street；　next　west　and　parallel；　the　street　of　shops　and　small　stores。　　These　streets　are　crossed　at　right　angles　by　many　others；　of　which　Broad　Street　was　the　principal；　and　the　insersection　of　Meeting　and　Broad　was　the　heart　of　the　city；　marked　by　the　Guard…House　and　St。　Michael's　Episcopal　Church。　　The　Custom…House；　Post…Office；　etc。；　were　at　the　foot　of　Broad　Street；　near　the　wharves　of　the　Cooper　River　front。　　At　the　extremity　of　the　peninsula　was　a　drive；　open　to　the　bay；　and　faced　by　some　of　the　handsomest　houses　of　the　city；　called　the　〃Battery。〃　　Looking　down　the　bay　on　the　right；　was　James　Island；　an　irregular　triangle　of　about　seven　miles；　the　whole　island　in　cultivation　with　sea…island　cotton。　　At　the　lower　end　was　Fort　Johnson；　then　simply　the　station　of　Captain　Bowman；　United　States　Engineers；　engaged　in　building　Fort　Sumter。　　This　fort　（Sumter）　was　erected　on　an　artificial　island　nearly　in　mid…channel；　made　by　dumping　rocks；　mostly　brought　as　ballast　in　cotton…ships　from　the　North。　　As　the　rock　reached　the　surface　it　was　levelled；　and　made　the　foundation　of　Fort　Sumter。　　In　1846　this　fort　was　barely　above　the　water。　Still　farther　out　beyond　James　Island；　and　separated　from　it　by　a　wide　space　of　salt　marsh　with　crooked　channels；　was　Morris　Island；　composed　of　the　sand…dunes　thrown　up　by　the　wind　and　the　sea；　backed　with　the　salt　marsh。　　On　this　was　the　lighthouse；　but　no　people。

On　the　left；　looking　down　the　bay　from　the　Battery　of　Charleston；　was；　first；　Castle　Pinckney；　a　round　brick　fort；　of　two　tiers　of　guns；　one　in　embrasure；　the　other　in　barbette；　built　on　a　marsh　island；　which　was　not　garrisoned。　　Farther　down　the　bay　a　point　of　the　mainland　reached　the　bay；　where　there　was　a　group　of　houses；　called　Mount　Pleasant；　and　at　the　extremity　of　the　bay；　distant　six　miles；　w