memoirs of general william t. sherman-1-第7部分

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t　Pleasant；　and　at　the　extremity　of　the　bay；　distant　six　miles；　was　Sullivan's　Island；　presenting　a　smooth　sand…beach　to　the　sea；　with　the　line　of　sand…hills　or　dunes　thrown　up　by　the　waves　and　winds；　and　the　usual　backing　of　marsh　and　crooked　salt…water　channels。

At　the　shoulder　of　this　island　was　Fort　Moultrie；　an　irregular　fort；　without　ditch　or　counterscarp；　with　a　brick　scarp　wall　about　twelve　feet　high；　which　could　be　scaled　anywhere；　and　this　was　surmounted　by　an　earth　parapet　capable　of　mounting　about　forty　twenty…four　and　thirty…two　pounder　smooth…bore　iron　guns。　　Inside　the　fort　were　three　two…story　brick　barracks；　sufficient　to　quarter　the　officers　and　men　of　two　companies　of　artillery。

At　sea　was　the　usual　〃bar；〃　changing　slightly　from　year　to　year；　but　generally　the　main　ship…channel　came　from　the　south；　parallel　to　Morris　Island；　till　it　was　well　up　to　Fort　Moultrie；　where　it　curved；　passing　close　to　Fort　Sumter　and　up　to　the　wharves　of　the　city；　which　were　built　mostly　along　the　Cooper　River　front。

Charleston　was　then　a　proud；　aristocratic　city；　and　assumed　a　leadership　in　the　public　opinion　of　the　South　far　out　of　proportion　to　her　population；　wealth；　or　commerce。　　On　more　than　one　occasion　previously；　the　inhabitants　had　almost　inaugurated　civil　war；　by　their　assertion　and　professed　belief　that　each　State　had；　in　the　original　compact　of　government；　reserved　to　itself　the　right　to　withdraw　from　the　Union　at　its　own　option；　whenever　the　people　supposed　they　had　sufficient　cause。　　We　used　to　discuss　these　things　at　our　own　mess…tables；　vehemently　and　sometimes　quite　angrily；　but　I　am　sure　that　I　never　feared　it　would　go　further　than　it　had　already　gone　in　the　winter　of　1832…'33；　when　the　attempt　at　〃nullification〃　was　promptly　suppressed　by　President　Jackson's　famous　declaration；　〃The　Union　must　and　shall　be　preserved！〃　and　by　the　judicious　management　of　General　Scott。

Still；　civil　war　was　to　be；　and；　now　that　it　has　come　and　gone；　we　can　rest　secure　in　the　knowledge　that　as　the　chief　cause；　slavery；　has　been　eradicated　forever；　it　is　not　likely　to　come　again。




CHAPTER　II。

EARLY　RECOLLECTIONS　of　CALIFORNIA。

1846…1848。


In　the　spring　of　1846　I　was　a　first　lieutenant　of　Company　C；1；　Third　Artillery；　stationed　at　Fort　Moultrie；　South　Carolina。　　The　company　was　commanded　by　Captain　Robert　Anderson；　Henry　B。　Judd　was　the　senior　first…lieutenant；　and　I　was　the　junior　first…lieutenant；　and　George　B。　Ayres　the　second…lieutenant。　　Colonel　William　Gates　commanded　the　post　and　regiment；　with　First…Lieutenant　William　Austine　as　his　adjutant。　　Two　other　companies　were　at　the　post；　viz。；　Martin　Burke's　and　E。　D。　Keyes's；　and　among　the　officers　were　T。　W。　Sherman；　Morris　Miller；　H。　B。　Field；　William　Churchill；　Joseph　Stewart；　and　Surgeon　McLaren。

The　country　now　known　as　Texas　had　been　recently　acquired；　and　war　with　Mexico　was　threatening。　　One　of　our　companies　（Bragg's）；　with　George　H。　Thomas；　John　F。　Reynolds；　and　Frank　Thomas；　had　gone　the　year　previous　and　was　at　that　time　with　General　Taylor's　army　at　Corpus　Christi；　Texas。

In　that　year　（1846）　I　received　the　regular　detail　for　recruiting　service；　with　orders　to　report　to　the　general　superintendent　at　Governor's　Island；　New　York；　and　accordingly　left　Fort　Moultrie　in　the　latter　part　of　April；　and　reported　to　the　superintendent；　Colonel　R。　B。　Mason；　First　Dragoons；　at　New　York；　on　the　1st　day　of　May。　　I　was　assigned　to　the　Pittsburg　rendezvous；　whither　I　proceeded　and　relieved　Lieutenant　Scott。　　Early　in　May　I　took　up　my　quarters　at　the　St。　Charles　Hotel；　and　entered　upon　the　discharge　of　my　duties。　　There　was　a　regular　recruiting…station　already　established；　with　a　sergeant；　corporal；　and　two　or　three　men；　with　a　citizen　physician；　Dr。　McDowell；　to　examine　the　recruits。　　The　threatening　war　with　Mexico　made　a　demand　for　recruits；　and　I　received　authority　to　open　another　sub…rendezvous　at　Zanesville；　Ohio；　whither　I　took　the　sergeant　and　established　him。　　This　was　very　handy　to　me；　as　my　home　was　at　Lancaster；　Ohio；　only　thirty…six　miles　off；　so　that　I　was　thus　enabled　to　visit　my　friends　there　quite　often。

In　the　latter　part　of　May；　when　at　Wheeling；　Virginia；　on　my　way　back　from　Zanesville　to　Pittsburg；　I　heard　the　first　news　of　the　battle　of　Palo　Alto　and　Resaca　de　la　Palma；　which　occurred　on　the　8th　and　9th　of　May；　and；　in　common　with　everybody　else；　felt　intensely　excited。　　That　I　should　be　on　recruiting　service；　when　my　comrades　were　actually　fighting；　was　intolerable；　and　I　hurried　on　to　my　post；　Pittsburg。　　At　that　time　the　railroad　did　not　extend　west　of　the　Alleghanies；　and　all　journeys　were　made　by　stage…coaches。　　In　this　instance　I　traveled　from　Zanesville　to　Wheeling；　thence　to　Washington　（Pennsylvania）；　and　thence　to　Pittsburg　by　stage…coach。　　On　reaching　Pittsburg　I　found　many　private　letters；　one　from　Ord；　then　a　first…lieutenant　in　Company　F；　Third　Artillery；　at　Fort　McHenry；　Baltimore；　saying　that　his　company　had　just　received　orders　for　California；　and　asking　me　to　apply　for　it。　　Without　committing　myself　to　that　project；　I　wrote　to　the　Adjutant…General；　R。　Jones；　at　Washington；　D。　C。；　asking　him　to　consider　me　as　an　applicant　for　any　active　service；　and　saying　that　I　would　willingly　forego　the　recruiting　detail；　which　I　well　knew　plenty　of　others　would　jump　at。　　Impatient　to　approach　the　scene　of　active　operations；　without　authority　（and　I　suppose　wrongfully）；　I　left　my　corporal　in　charge　of　the　rendezvous；　and　took　all　the　recruits　I　had　made；　about　twenty…five；　in　a　steamboat　to　Cincinnati；　and　turned　them　over　to　Major　N。　C。　McCrea；　commanding　at　Newport　Barracks。　　I　then　reported　in　Cincinnati；　to　the　superintendent　of　the　Western　recruiting　service；　Colonel　Fanning；　an　old　officer　with　one　arm；　who　inquired　by　what　authority　I　had　come　away　from　my　post。　　I　argued　that　I　took　it　for　granted　he　wanted　all　the　recruits　he　could　get　to　forward　to　the　army　at　Brownsville；　Texas；　and　did　not　know　but　that　he　might　want　me　to　go　along。　　Instead　of　appreciating　my　volunteer　zeal；　he　cursed　and　swore　at　me　for　leaving　my　post　without　orders；　and　told　me　to　go　back　to　Pittsburg。　　I　then　asked　for　an　order　that　would　entitle　me　to　transportation　back；　which　at　first　he　emphatically　refused；　but　at　last　he　gave　the　order；　and　I　returned　to　Pittsburg；　all　the　way　by　stage；　stopping　again　at　Lancaster；　where　I　attended　the　wedding　of　my　schoolmate　Mike　Effinger；　and　also　visited　my　sub…rendezvous　at　Zanesville。　　R。　S。　Ewell；　of　my　class；　arrived　to　open　a　cavalry　rendezvous；　but；　finding　my　depot　there；　he　went　on　to　Columbus；　Ohio。　　Tom　Jordan　afterward　was　ordered　to　Zanesville；　to　take　charge　of　that　rendezvous；　under　the　general　War　Department　orders　increasing　the　number　of　recruiting…　stations。　　I　reached　Pittsburg　late　in　June；　and　found　the　order　relieving　me　from　recruiting　service；　and　detailing　my　classmate　H。　B。　Field　to　my　place。　　I　was　assigned　to　Company　F；　then　under　orders　for　California。　　By　private　letters　from　Lieutenant　Ord；　I　heard　that　the　company　had　already　started　from　Fort　McHenry　for　Governor's　Island；　New　York　Harbor；　to　take　passage　for　California　in　a　naval　transport。　　I　worked　all　that　night；　made　up　my　accounts　current；　and　turned　over　the　balance　of　cash　to　the　citizen　physician；　Dr。　McDowell；　and　also　closed　my　clothing　and　property　returns；　leaving　blank　receipts　with　the　same　gentleman　for　Field's　signature；　when　he　should　get　there；　to　be　forwarded　to　the　Department　at　Washington；　and　the　duplicates　to　me。　　These　I　did　not　receive　for　more　than　a　year。　　I　remember　that　I　got　my　orders　about　8　p。　m。　one　night；　and　took　passage　in　the　boat　for　Brownsville；　the　next　morning　traveled　by　stage　from　Brownsville　to　Cumberland；　Maryland；　and　thence　by　cars　to　Baltimore；　Philadelphia；　and　New　York；　in　a　great　hurry　lest　the　ship　might　sail　without　me。　　I　found　Company　F　at　Governor's　Island；　Captain　C。　Q。　Tompkins　in　command；　Lieutenant　E。　O。　C。　Ord　senior　first…lieutenant；　myself　junior　first…lieutenant；　Lucien　Loeser　and　Charles　Minor　the　second…lieutenants。

The　company　had　been　filled　up　to　one　hundred　privates；　twelve　non…commissioned　officers；　and　one　ordnance　sergeant　（Layton）；　making　one　hundred　and　thirteen　enlisted　men　and　five　officers。　Dr。　James　L。　Ord　had　been　employed　as　acting　assistant　surgeon　to　accompany　the　expedition；　and　Lieutenant　H。　W。　Halleck；　of　the　engineers；　was　also　to　go　along。　　The　United　States　store…ship　Lexington　was　then　preparing　at　the　Navy…Yard；　Brooklyn；　to　carry　us　around　Cape　Horn　to　California。　　She　was　receiving　on　board　the　necessary　stores　for　the　long　voyage；　and　for　service　after　our　arrival　there。　　Lieutenant…Commander　Theodorus　Bailey　was　in　command　of　the　vessel；　Lieutenant　William　H。　Macomb　executive　officer；　and　Passed…Midshipmen　Muse；　Spotts；　and　J。　W。　A。　Nicholson；　were　the　watch…officers；　Wilson　purser；　and　Abernethy　surgeon。　　The　latter　was　caterer　of　the　mess；　and　we　all　made　an　advance　of　cash　for　him　to　lay　in　the　necessary　mess…stores。　　To　enable　us　to　prepare　for　so　long　a　voyage　and　for　an　indefinite　sojourn　in　that　far…off　country；　the　War　Department　had　authorized　us　to　draw　six　months'　pay　in　advance；　which　sum　of　money　we　invested　in　surplus　clothing　and　such　other　things　as　seemed　to　us　necessary。　　At　last　the　ship　was　ready；　and　was　towed　down　abreast　of　Fort　Columbus；　where　we　were　conveyed　on　board；　and　on　the　14th　of　July；　1846；　we　were　towed　to　sea　by　a　steam…tug；　and　cast　off：　Colonel　R。　B。　Mason；　still　superintendent　of　the　general　recruiting　service；　accompanied　us　down　the　bay　and　out　to　sea；　returning　with　the　tug。　　A　few　other　friends　were　of　the　party；　but　at　last　they　left　us；　and　we　were　alone　upon　the　sea；　and　the　sailors　were　busy　with　the　sails　and　ropes。　　The　Lexington　was　an　old　ship；　changed　from　a　sloop…of…war　to　a　store…ship；　with　an　aftercabin；　a　〃ward…room；〃　and　〃between…decks。〃　　In　the　cabin　were　Captains　Bailey　and　Tompkins；　with　whom　messed　the　purser；　Wilson。　　In　the　ward…room　were　all　the　other　officers；　two　in　each　state…room；　and　Minor；　being　an　extra　lieutenant；　had　to　sleep　in　a　hammock　slung　in　the　ward…room。　　Ord　and　I　roomed　together；　Halleck　and　Loeser　and　the　others　were　scattered　about。　　The　men　were　arran